Drop Python 3.9 support

.github/workflows/bandit.yml

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
         with:
-          python-version: "3.x"
+          python-version: "3.14"
           cache: "pip"
           cache-dependency-path: pyproject.toml
 

.github/workflows/mypy.yml

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
         with:
-          python-version: "3.9"
+          python-version: "3.10"
           cache: "pip"
           cache-dependency-path: pyproject.toml
 

.github/workflows/pypi-publish.yml

@@ -113,9 +113,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Check distributions
       run: twine check dist/*
 
-    # Embeds after the build, not with Pitloom's Hatchling build hook:
-    # Pitloom needs Python 3.10+, but PyThaiNLP still builds from source on
-    # Python 3.9, where an unknown build hook fails the build.
+    # Embeds after the build, not with Pitloom's Hatchling build hook.
     # Pitloom 0.20.0+ lists only the wheel's payload, so the files the
     # embedding rewrites (RECORD and the SBOM itself) are not in the SBOM
     # with stale hashes, as they were with 0.19.0.

.github/workflows/unittest.yml

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
         # See details of test matrix in:
         # https://github.com/PyThaiNLP/pythainlp/blob/dev/tests/README.md
         os: ["ubuntu-latest", "windows-latest", "macos-latest"]
-        python-version: ["3.14", "3.9"] # Latest and earliest
+        python-version: ["3.14", "3.10"] # Latest and earliest
         include:
           # Test the rest of Python versions only on Ubuntu
           - os: "ubuntu-latest"
@@ -77,17 +77,15 @@ jobs:
             python-version: "3.12"
           - os: "ubuntu-latest"
             python-version: "3.11"
-          - os: "ubuntu-latest"
-            python-version: "3.10"
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     timeout-minutes: 60
     env:
-      PYICU_WIN_VER: 2.15 # 2.15 is the last version that supports Python 3.9
+      PYICU_WIN_VER: 2.15 # 2.15 is the last version that supports Python 3.10
       INSTALL_FULL_DEPS: false
       PYTHON_VERSION_LATEST: "3.14"
       PYTHON_VERSION_LATEST_2: "3.13" # Second-latest supported version
-      PYTHON_VERSION_EARLIEST: "3.9"
+      PYTHON_VERSION_EARLIEST: "3.10"
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ and this project adheres to
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+The minimum Python version is now 3.10.
+
 ### Added
 
 - `thai_name_to_char` and `thai_char_to_name` in `pythainlp.util`

README.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 ![Project Logo](./docs/images/logo.png)
 
 [![pypi](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pythainlp.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pythainlp)
-[![Python 3.9](https://img.shields.io/badge/python-3.9-blue.svg)](https://www.python.org/downloads/)
+[![Python 3.10](https://img.shields.io/badge/python-3.10-blue.svg)](https://www.python.org/downloads/)
 [![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache%202.0-blue.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0)
 [![DOI](https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.3519354.svg)](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3519354)
 [![Project Status: Active](https://www.repostatus.org/badges/latest/active.svg)](https://www.repostatus.org/#active)
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ pip install pythainlp
 | Version | Python version | Changes | Documentation |
 |:-------:|:--------------:|:-------:|:-------------:|
 | [5.4.0](https://github.com/PyThaiNLP/pythainlp/releases) | 3.9+ | [Log](https://github.com/PyThaiNLP/pythainlp/blob/dev/CHANGELOG.md) | [pythainlp.org/docs](https://pythainlp.org/docs) |
-| [`dev`](https://github.com/PyThaiNLP/pythainlp/tree/dev) | 3.9+ | [Log](https://github.com/PyThaiNLP/pythainlp/compare/v5.4.0...HEAD) | [pythainlp.org/dev-docs](https://pythainlp.org/dev-docs/) |
+| [`dev`](https://github.com/PyThaiNLP/pythainlp/tree/dev) | 3.10+ | [Log](https://github.com/PyThaiNLP/pythainlp/compare/v5.4.0...HEAD) | [pythainlp.org/dev-docs](https://pythainlp.org/dev-docs/) |
 
 ## Features
 

README_TH.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 ![Project Logo](https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/32934255?s=200&v=4)
 
 [![pypi](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pythainlp.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pythainlp)
-[![Python 3.9](https://img.shields.io/badge/python-3.9-blue.svg)](https://www.python.org/downloads/)
+[![Python 3.10](https://img.shields.io/badge/python-3.10-blue.svg)](https://www.python.org/downloads/)
 [![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache%202.0-blue.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0)
 [![DOI](https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.3519354.svg)](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3519354)
 [![Project Status: Active](https://www.repostatus.org/badges/latest/active.svg)](https://www.repostatus.org/#active)
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pip install pythainlp
 | รุ่น | รุ่นของ Python | มีอะไรเปลี่ยน | เอกสาร |
 | :-: | :-: | :-: | :-: |
 | [5.4.0](https://github.com/PyThaiNLP/pythainlp/releases) | 3.9+ | [Log](https://github.com/PyThaiNLP/pythainlp/blob/dev/CHANGELOG.md) | [pythainlp.org/docs](https://pythainlp.org/docs) |
-| [`dev`](https://github.com/PyThaiNLP/pythainlp/tree/dev) | 3.9+ | [Log](https://github.com/PyThaiNLP/pythainlp/compare/v5.4.0...HEAD) | [pythainlp.org/dev-docs](https://pythainlp.org/dev-docs/) |
+| [`dev`](https://github.com/PyThaiNLP/pythainlp/tree/dev) | 3.10+ | [Log](https://github.com/PyThaiNLP/pythainlp/compare/v5.4.0...HEAD) | [pythainlp.org/dev-docs](https://pythainlp.org/dev-docs/) |
 
 ## ความสามารถ
 

pyproject.toml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ name = "pythainlp"
 version = "6.0.0-dev0"
 description = "Thai Natural Language Processing library"
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 authors = [
     { name = "Wannaphong Phatthiyaphaibun", email = "wannaphong@pythainlp.org" },
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ classifiers = [
     "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
@@ -71,28 +70,19 @@ dependencies = [
 ## 1) Development ########################################
 
 dev = [
-    # Some tools drop Python 3.9 in newer releases. Use the latest version
-    # for each Python range. bandit 1.8.x reports false positives for B615
-    # (revision is a variable).
-    "bandit>=1.8.6;python_version<'3.10'",
-    "bandit>=1.9.4;python_version>='3.10'",
-    "build>=1.4.4;python_version<'3.10'",
-    "build>=1.6.1;python_version>='3.10'",
+    # bandit 1.8.x reports false positives for B615 (revision is a variable).
+    "bandit>=1.9.4",
+    "build>=1.6.1",
     "bump-my-version>=1.5.1",
-    "coverage>=7.10.7;python_version<'3.10'",
-    "coverage>=7.16.2;python_version>='3.10'",
+    "coverage>=7.16.2",
     "diff-cover>=10.6.0",
-    "flake8>=7.3.0;python_version<'3.10'",
-    "flake8>=7.4.1;python_version>='3.10'",
+    "flake8>=7.4.1",
     "flake8-cognitive-complexity>=0.1.0",
-    # Same as CI. mypy 2.x requires Python 3.10 or later and rejects
-    # python_version = "3.9" in [tool.mypy].
+    # Same as CI.
     "mypy==1.19.1",
-    "pylint>=3.3.9;python_version<'3.10'",
-    "pylint>=4.1.2;python_version>='3.10'",
+    "pylint>=4.1.2",
     "ruff>=0.16.10",
-    "tox>=4.30.3;python_version<'3.10'",
-    "tox>=4.64.9;python_version>='3.10'",
+    "tox>=4.64.9",
 ]
 
 docs = [
@@ -452,7 +442,7 @@ ignore = ["D203", "D212"]
 [tool.ruff]
 indent-width = 4
 line-length = 79
-target-version = "py39"
+target-version = "py310"
 
 [tool.ruff.format]
 docstring-code-format = true
@@ -554,7 +544,7 @@ extend-ignore = ["B905", "E501", "RET504", "SIM108", "SIM117"]
 "docs/**" = ["D1"]
 
 [tool.tox]
-env_list = ["py39", "py310", "py311", "py312", "py313", "py314", "pypy310", "pypy311", "ruff", "flake8", "mypy"]
+env_list = ["py310", "py311", "py312", "py313", "py314", "pypy310", "pypy311", "ruff", "flake8", "mypy"]
 skip_missing_interpreters = true
 
 [tool.tox.env_run_base]
@@ -585,8 +575,7 @@ skip_install = true
 
 [tool.tox.env.mypy]
 commands = [["mypy", "pythainlp", "tests"]]
-# Same version as mypy.yml. mypy 1.19 is the last release that targets
-# Python 3.9; python_version in [tool.mypy] sets the target.
+# Same version as mypy.yml. python_version in [tool.mypy] sets the target.
 deps = ["mypy==1.19.1"]
 extras = []
 
@@ -597,7 +586,7 @@ disallow_subclassing_any = true
 disallow_untyped_decorators = true
 disallow_untyped_defs = true
 pretty = true
-python_version = "3.9"
+python_version = "3.10"
 show_column_numbers = true
 show_error_code_links = true
 show_error_context = true
@@ -619,7 +608,7 @@ disallow_untyped_defs = false
 
 # Treat optional dependencies as untyped, whether installed or not.
 # Without "follow_imports = skip", mypy analyzes installed packages
-# (for example, torch) with python_version = "3.9" and fails on
+# (for example, torch) with python_version = "3.10" and fails on
 # newer syntax.
 [[tool.mypy.overrides]]
 module = [

pythainlp/augment/word2vec/core.py

@@ -7,9 +7,11 @@
 
 import itertools
 import logging
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Union
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
     from gensim.models.keyedvectors import KeyedVectors
 
 

pythainlp/augment/wordnet.py

@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@
 
 import itertools
 from collections import OrderedDict
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, Optional
+from collections.abc import Callable  # noqa: TC003  # for get_type_hints()
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 
 from nltk.corpus import wordnet as wn
 

pythainlp/tokenize/_registry.py

@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, NoReturn, Optional, TypeVar
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, NoReturn, Optional, TypeVar
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from pythainlp.util.trie import Trie

pythainlp/tools/path.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
     from importlib.resources import files  # Available in Python 3.11+
-else:  # pragma: no cover - only runs on Python 3.9 and 3.10
+else:  # pragma: no cover - only runs on Python 3.10
     from importlib_resources import files
 
 PYTHAINLP_DEFAULT_DATA_DIR: str = "pythainlp-data"

pythainlp/transliterate/core.py

@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Callable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
 
 DEFAULT_ROMANIZE_ENGINE: str = "royin"
 DEFAULT_TRANSLITERATE_ENGINE: str = "thaig2p"

pythainlp/util/time.py

@@ -9,10 +9,11 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from collections.abc import Callable  # noqa: TC003  # for get_type_hints()
 from contextlib import suppress
 from datetime import datetime, time
 from functools import lru_cache
-from typing import Callable, Optional, Union
+from typing import Optional, Union
 
 from pythainlp.tokenize import Tokenizer
 from pythainlp.util.numtoword import num_to_thaiword

tests/README.md

@@ -36,14 +36,13 @@ inside that test suite's directory.
 The following table outlines the automated test coverage across
 supported Python versions and operating systems:
 
-| Python         | Ubuntu  | Windows | macOS |
-| -------------- | ------- | ------- | ----- |
-| 3.14 (Latest)  | O+C     | O       | O     |
-| 3.13           | O+C+X   | O+C     | O+C   |
-| 3.12           | O       |         |       |
-| 3.11           | O       |         |       |
-| 3.10           | O       |         |       |
-| 3.9 (Earliest) | O+C     | O+C     | O+C   |
+| Python          | Ubuntu  | Windows | macOS |
+| --------------- | ------- | ------- | ----- |
+| 3.14 (Latest)   | O+C     | O       | O     |
+| 3.13            | O+C+X   | O+C     | O+C   |
+| 3.12            | O       |         |       |
+| 3.11            | O       |         |       |
+| 3.10 (Earliest) | O+C     | O+C     | O+C   |
 
 The CI/CD test workflow is at
 <https://github.com/PyThaiNLP/pythainlp/blob/dev/.github/workflows/unittest.yml>.

tests/core/test_util_syllable.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 import itertools
 import random
 import unittest
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from pythainlp import thai_consonants, thai_tonemarks, thai_vowels
 from pythainlp.util.syllable import (
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 )
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Iterator
+    from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
 
 # (syllable, sound_syllable result, tone_detector result);
 # "!Name" means that the exception type Name is raised.

tests/test_helpers.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 """
 
 import unittest
-from typing import Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable
 
 
 def assert_segment_handles_none_and_empty(